# 13. Roman to Integer

<https://leetcode.com/problems/roman-to-integer/>

Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: `I`, `V`, `X`, `L`, `C`, `D` and `M`.

```
Symbol       Value
I             1
V             5
X             10
L             50
C             100
D             500
M             1000
```

For example, two is written as `II` in Roman numeral, just two one's added together. Twelve is written as, `XII`, which is simply `X` + `II`. The number twenty seven is written as `XXVII`, which is `XX` + `V` + `II`.

Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not `IIII`. Instead, the number four is written as `IV`. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as `IX`. There are six instances where subtraction is used:

* `I` can be placed before `V` (5) and `X` (10) to make 4 and 9.&#x20;
* `X` can be placed before `L` (50) and `C` (100) to make 40 and 90.&#x20;
* `C` can be placed before `D` (500) and `M` (1000) to make 400 and 900.

Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer. Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.

**Example 1:**

```
Input: "III"
Output: 3
```

**Example 2:**

```
Input: "IV"
Output: 4
```

**Example 3:**

```
Input: "IX"
Output: 9
```

**Example 4:**

```
Input: "LVIII"
Output: 58
Explanation: C = 100, L = 50, XXX = 30 and III = 3.
```

**Example 5:**

```
Input: "MCMXCIV"
Output: 1994
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
```

**Solution:**

Scan the Roman string from the end to the begining.

```
class Solution(object):
    def romanToInt(self, s):
        """
        :type s: str
        :rtype: int
        """
        def switch(x): 
            return {
                'I': 1,
                'V': 5,
                'X': 10,
                'L': 50,
                'C': 100,
                'D': 500,
                'M': 1000,
                    }[x]
        integer = 0
        lastdigit = 0
        for i in range(len(s)-1, -1, -1):
            # If the last digit is larger, subtract
            if switch(s[i]) < lastdigit:
                integer -= switch(s[i])
            else:
                integer += switch(s[i])
            lastdigit = switch(s[i])
        return integer
```